Germany may not be an obvious pick for traditional laid-back vacation, but the juxtaposition of its medieval spirit against cutting-edge industrialism makes it a destination to be explored according to a grand scheme. Hilly and forested, it brings to life legends of chivalry that have long dwelt in the staggering fortresses. Intellectual and refined, it glorifies the memory of Einstein, Beethoven and Goethe amidst countless museums, historic buildings, and quaint old town quarters. Fun-loving and progressive, it brims with cultural events and excels among the European capitals as far as nightlife goes. All you need to do is give it a chance.
Jewish Museum in Berlin (German Jüdisches Museum Berlin), a museum in Berlin summary dwutysięczną history of German Jews.
Jewish museum in Berlin, its initial office in 1933 was at Oranienburger Strasse. In 1938 years the museum at the behest of the Nazis, was closed by the police, city of Berlin. The idea to re-open the museum for the first time appeared in 1971, was founded in 1975 in connection with the "Society for the Jewish Museum." Department of the Berlin Jewish Museum has been opened after the high-exhibition on the history of Jews in that museum in 1978. In 1999, the Jewish Museum in Berlin, received the right to independent existence as an independent institution. Building a museum, designed by Daniel Libeskind was finished in 1998 and officially opened in 2001, the cornerstone for the construction of the museum made in November 1992. Currently, the center is a living museum of Jewish history and culture.
Berlin is a great economic and financial center. The mainly electronic equipment (including Siemens, AEG), mechanical engineering, transport and clothing. An important commercial center (international fairs, exhibitions).
Shopping for every taste
Berlin tempting to make purchases. Do you have to be elegant creations of the best designers, and precious antiques in the famous antykwariatach, or "Wystrzałowe 'novelty or a unique opportunity found in the shop of used clothing, here offers something for everyone.
Shopping in Berlin
Street
"Kurfürstendamm" are encouraged to see the impressive dressing. Elegant
shops worldwide fashion designers will also state in numerous side
streets such as street "Fasanenstraße." A few steps further is the
famous department store "KaDeWe" with its inexhaustible variety of
goods and the already legendary stand with smakołykami.
World
fashion is present also in the street "Potsdamer Platz" in the
"Quartier 206" and "Moulin Rouge". Popular is also the center of
commerce "Arkaden" at the Potsdam Square, where many shops and
boutiques to encourage purchases. Fashion non-extravagant and creative
designs will find a country in the vicinity of "the Hackeschen Höfe" in
many small boutiques. During the weekend would be to "pchlim bargain"
on the street "of 17 June" "wyhandlować" original, useless, but also
priceless items.
Democratic parliamentary state, since 1949. Basic Law of 1949, as amended in 1998. The parliament, the Bundestag, has 603 MPs. Legislature: 4 years. The approval of the Bundesrat, which represents the individual countries is required for certain laws. It consists from 69 members designated by the individual countries and will be dismissed. The executive power is subject to the federal government, the Chancellor chairs. Each province has its own constitution, legislature (parliament) and government and can thus adopt laws, unless they are under the jurisdiction of the federal fall. Germany is a member of the EU.
The Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648 had devastating consequences for Berlin. A third of the houses were damaged and the city lost half of its population.Frederick William, known as the “Great Elector”, who had succeeded his father George William as ruler in 1640, initiated a policy of promoting immigration and religious tolerance. With the Edict of Potsdam in 1685, Frederick William offered asylum to the French Huguenots. More than 15,000 Huguenots went to Brandenburg, of whom 6,000 settled in Berlin. By 1700, approximately twenty percent of Berlin's residents were French, and their cultural influence on the city was immense. Many other immigrants came from Bohemia, Poland, and Salzburg.
With the coronation of Frederick I in 1701 as king, Berlin became the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia. In 1740 Frederick II, known as Frederick the Great (1740-1786) came to power. Berlin became, under the rule of the philosophically-oriented Frederick II, a center of the Enlightenment. Following France's victory in the War of the Fourth Coalition, Napoleon Bonaparte marched into Berlin in 1806, but granted self-government to the city. In 1815 the city became part of the new Province of Brandenburg. The Industrial Revolution transformed Berlin during the 19th century; the city's economy and population expanded dramatically, and it became the main rail hub and economic center of Germany. Additional suburbs soon developed and increased the area and population of Berlin. In 1861, outlying suburbs including Wedding, Moabit, and several others were incorporated into Berlin. In 1871, Berlin became capital of the newly founded German Empire. On 1 April 1881 it became a city district separate from Brandenburg.
The name Berlin, in German, is of unknown origin, but may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl- "swamp".
The earliest evidence of Berlin is an artifact dated approximately 45 years before the official founding of the city. A wooden beam from a cellar near the (demolished) Petrikirche in Petriplatz, which is now located in Berlin's Mitte District but was originally part of Cölln, has been dated to 1157. The first written mention of towns in the area of present-day Berlin dates from the late 12th and early 13th century. The suburb of Spandau is first mentioned in 1197, and Köpenick in 1209, though these areas did not join Berlin until 1920. The central part of Berlin can be traced back to two towns: Cölln (on the Fisher Island) is first mentioned in a 1237 document that references a priest at Petrikirche.[20] Berlin (across the Spree in what is now called the Nikolaiviertel) is referenced in a document from 1244. From the beginning, the two cities formed an economic and social unit. In 1307, the two cities were united politically. Over time, the twin cities came to be known simply as Berlin, the larger of the pair.
In 1415, Frederick I became the elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, which he ruled until 1440. His successor, Frederick II, established Berlin as capital of the margraviate, and subsequent members of the Hohenzollern family ruled until 1918 in Berlin, first as electors of Brandenburg, then as kings of Prussia, and finally as German emperors. In 1448 citizens rebelled in the “Berlin Indignation” against the construction of a new royal palace by Elector Frederick II Irontooth. This protest was not successful, however, and the citizenry lost many of its political and economic privileges. In 1451 Berlin became the royal residence of the Brandenburg electors, and Berlin had to give up its status as a free Hanseatic city. In 1539, the electors and the city officially became Lutheran.
Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million in its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city. It is the second most populous city and the ninth most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany, it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan area, comprising 5 million people from over 180 nations.
First documented in the 13th century, Berlin was successively the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701-1918), the German Empire (1871-1918), the Weimar Republic (1919-1933) and the Third Reich (1933-1945). After the Second World War, the city was divided; East Berlin became the capital of East Germany while West Berlin became a Western enclave, surrounded by the Berlin Wall from 1961-1989. Following the reunification of Germany in 1990, the city regained its status as the capital of all Germany.
Berlin is a major center in European politics, culture, media, and science It serves as a continental hub for air and rail transport. The city's economy is primarily based on the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, media corporations, environmental services, congress and convention venues. Berlin is the third most-visited tourist destination in the EU. Other industries include traffic engineering, optoelectronics, IT, vehicle manufacturing, health care, biomedical engineering, and biotechnology.
The metropolis is home to world-renowned universities, research institutes, sporting events, orchestras, museums and personalities. Berlin's urban landscape and historical legacy has made it a popular setting for international film productions. Recognized for its festivals, contemporary architecture, nightlife and avant-garde arts, Berlin has evolved into a focal point for individuals attracted by liberal lifestyle, modern zeitgeist and low cost of living.
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